vehicle-simulator/simulator/src/simulator.ts

namespace Simulator {
	export class Vehicle {
		batteryCapacity: number;
		batteryEfficiency: number = 0.9;
		gridTransformerEfficiency: number = 0.85;
		
		solarPanelEfficiency: number = 0.15;
		solarPanelArea: number = 1.0; // in square meters
		
		emptyVehicleWeight: number = 80; // kg
		driverWeight: number = 60; // kg
		additionalWeight: number; // additional weight, not counting cyclist and empty vehicle weight, in kg
		
		motorConsumption(distance: number, ascendingElevation: number): number {
			const g = 9.8;
			let totalWeight = this.emptyVehicleWeight + this.driverWeight + this.additionalWeight;
			let potentialEnergy = totalWeight * g * ascendingElevation; // Ep = m*g*h (result in Joules)
			potentialEnergy = potentialEnergy / 3600; // convert joules to watt-hour
			
			// empirical measures
			let baseConsumption = 13; // in Wh/km
			let maxWeight = 300; // in kg
			let additionalConsumptionAtMaxWeight = 5; // in Wh/km (without accounting for ascending elevation, only accelerations and additional friction)
			
			let weightRelatedConsumption = MathUtils.clamp(totalWeight * additionalConsumptionAtMaxWeight / maxWeight, 0, additionalConsumptionAtMaxWeight);
			
			return distance * (baseConsumption + weightRelatedConsumption) + potentialEnergy;
		}
		
		solarPower(irradiance: number): number {
			// TODO: should decompose climate data in normal radiance (modulated by incident angle) and diffuse irradiance
			// TODO: should add a shadowing factor (the panel won't be always exposed to the sun)
			return irradiance * this.solarPanelArea * this.solarPanelEfficiency;
		}
	}
	
	export interface Outing {
		distance: number; // in km
		ascendingElevation: number; // in meters
	}
	
	export class OutingPlanning {
		constructor(public dailyDistance: number, public dailyAscendingElevation: number) {
		}
		
		getOuting(dayOfWeek: number, hourOfDay: number, outing: Outing) {
			let dailyRatio = 0;
			
			if(dayOfWeek >= 5) {
				// week end
				dailyRatio = hourOfDay == 10 ? 1.0 : 0.0;
			}
			else {
				// other week day
				dailyRatio = hourOfDay == 7 || hourOfDay == 15 ? 0.5 : 0.0;
			}
			
			outing.distance = dailyRatio * this.dailyDistance;
			outing.ascendingElevation = dailyRatio * this.dailyAscendingElevation;
		}
	}
	
	export interface SimulationResult {
		vehicle: Vehicle;
		
		batteryLevel: number[]; // Remaining energy in the battery over time (one entry per hour), in Wh
		gridChargeCount: number;
		cumulatedGridRechargeEnergy: number; // Cumulated energy added to the battery from the power grid, in Wh of battery charge (actual power grid consumption will be slightly higer due to losses)
		cumulatedSolarRechargeEnergy: number; // Cumulated energy added to the battery from the solar panel, in Wh of battery charge (actual generated power is slightly higher due to losses)
		totalProducedSolarEnergy: number; // Cumulated energy produced (used or unused), before accounting for the battery recharge efficiency.
		cumulatedMotorConsumption: number; // Cumulated energy consumed by the motor, in Wh. In this simulation, this is equal to the energy drawn from the battery.
	}
	
	export function simulate(vehicle: Vehicle, solarIrradiance: number[], planning: OutingPlanning): SimulationResult {
		let result: SimulationResult = {
			vehicle: vehicle,
			
			batteryLevel: [],
			gridChargeCount: 0,
			cumulatedGridRechargeEnergy: 0,
			cumulatedSolarRechargeEnergy: 0,
			totalProducedSolarEnergy: 0,
			cumulatedMotorConsumption: 0
		};
		
		let remainingBatteryCharge = vehicle.batteryCapacity;
		
		let outing: Outing = { distance: 0, ascendingElevation: 0 };
		
		for(let day = 0; day < 365; ++day) {
			for(let hour = 0; hour < 24; ++hour) {
				let hourIdx = day * 24 + hour;
				
				planning.getOuting(day % 7, hour, outing);
				
				let consumption = outing.distance > 0 ? vehicle.motorConsumption(outing.distance, outing.ascendingElevation) : 0;
				let production = vehicle.solarPower(solarIrradiance[hourIdx]) * 1.0; // produced energy in Wh is equal to power (W) multiplied by time (h)
				
				result.totalProducedSolarEnergy += production;
				let solarCharge = production * vehicle.batteryEfficiency;
				
				// TODO: we should keep a margin because real users will recharge before they reach the bare minimum required for an outing
				remainingBatteryCharge += solarCharge - consumption;
				
				let fullGridRecharge = false;
				if(remainingBatteryCharge > vehicle.batteryCapacity) {
					solarCharge -= remainingBatteryCharge - vehicle.batteryCapacity;
					remainingBatteryCharge = vehicle.batteryCapacity;				
				}
				else if(remainingBatteryCharge <= 0 || (day==364 && hour==23)) {
					// TODO: detect if battery capacity is too low for a single outing, abort simulation and display an explanation for the user
					fullGridRecharge = remainingBatteryCharge <= 0;
					let rechargeEnergy = vehicle.batteryCapacity - remainingBatteryCharge;
					remainingBatteryCharge += rechargeEnergy;
					result.cumulatedGridRechargeEnergy += rechargeEnergy;
					result.gridChargeCount += 1;
				}
				
				result.cumulatedMotorConsumption += consumption;
				result.cumulatedSolarRechargeEnergy += solarCharge;
				
				result.batteryLevel[hourIdx] = fullGridRecharge ? 0 : remainingBatteryCharge;
			}
		}
		
		return result;
	}
}